RESUMO
Resumo Enquadramento: O modelo de cuidados prestados durante o parto na água é interpessoal, integral e respeitado. Objetivo: Conhecer a perceção das mulheres sobre os cuidados recebidos pelas enfermeiras especialistas de saúde materna e obstétrica durante o parto na água na perspetiva da teoria de enfermagem de Jean Watson. Metodologia: Investigação empírica, qualitativa, interpretativa com 24 mulheres portuguesas que vivenciaram o parto na água no hospital ou no domicílio, com tratamento dos dados baseados no método de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: A partir das narrativas, emergiram cinco categorias - ambiente acolhedor; a mulher no controlo do seu próprio parto; relação de confiança; expectativas correspondidas e o companheiro como parte do processo. Conclusão: O Processo Clinical Caritas foi percebido nas narrativas através do respeito e do carinho durante os cuidados prestados, proporcionando uma relação e cooperação, que promoveu posteriormente uma cura interior através desse processo de cuidados. A perceção das participantes do estudo quanto aos cuidados recebidos revelou um ambiente seguro, íntimo, respeitado, acolhedor, sem intervenções desnecessárias, favorável e amparado pelo companheiro.
Abstract Background: The model for care provided during water birth is interpersonal, comprehensive, and respected. Objective: To identify women's perceptions of the care provided by nurses specialized in maternal and obstetric health nursing nurses specialized in maternal and obstetric health nursing during water birth from the perspective of Jean Watson's nursing theory. Methodology: Empirical, qualitative, and interpretative research with 24 Portuguese women who had a water birth in hospitals or at home. Data were analyzed using Bardin's content analysis method. Results: Five categories emerged from the narratives: welcoming environment; women in control during labor; trusting relationship; expectations fulfilled; and the partner as part of the process. Conclusion: The Clinical Caritas Process was perceived in the narratives through respect and affection during care delivery to develop a relationship and promote cooperation, leading to inner healing through this care process. Participants' perceptions of the care received during their water birth revealed a safe, intimate, respectful, welcoming, and favorable environment, without unnecessary interventions and supported by the partner.
Resumen Marco contextual: El modelo de atención al parto en el agua es interpersonal, integral y respetado. Objetivo: Conocer la percepción de las mujeres sobre la atención recibida por las enfermeras especializadas en salud materna y obstetricia durante el parto en el agua desde la perspectiva de la teoría de la enfermería de Jean Watson. Metodología: Investigación empírica, cualitativa e interpretativa con 24 mujeres portuguesas que tuvieron un parto en el agua en el hospital o en casa, con un tratamiento de datos basado en el método de análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: De las narrativas surgieron cinco categorías, ambiente acogedor; la mujer en el control de su propio parto; relación de confianza; expectativas cumplidas y la pareja como parte del proceso. Conclusión: El Proceso Clinical Caritas fue percibido en las narrativas a través del respeto y el afecto durante la atención prestada, lo que proporcionó una relación y cooperación, que posteriormente promovió una curación interior a través de este proceso de atención. La percepción de las participantes en el estudio sobre la atención recibida mostró un ambiente seguro, íntimo, respetuoso, acogedor, sin intervenciones innecesarias, favorable y apoyado por la pareja.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The following quantitative observational study aimed to analyse the maternal and neonatal outcomes of 90 low-risk pregnant women who gave birth in water at São Bernardo Hospital. METHODS: A form containing information on the obstetric history of the parturient, the type of immersion, and the labour and birth follow-up was used by midwives to collect the data. BACKGROUND: The Apgar score (at 1min after birth) used in this study, called Aqua Apgar, was adapted by Cornelia Enning. RESULTS: The mean water immersion time was 1h and 46min and had an influence on the duration of labour (mean 5h and 37min), with a statistically significant difference (P=0.004). There was a decreased cervical dilatation time and a shorter duration of the expulsion phase. In the immersion scenario, 30% of the women did not undergo any examination to assess the length of the cervix, and 57.8% presented intact perennial areas or first-degree tears. As for neonatal outcomes, during maternal immersion, 97% maintained normal fetal heart rates (between 110 and 160 beats per minute) and Aqua Apgar was higher than 7, both in the first minute (mean of 9.4) and in the fifth minute of life (mean of 9.9). CONCLUSION: These safety outcomes, based on sound scientific evidence, should increasingly support and inform clinical decisions and increase the number of waterbirths in health facilities. The results of this study align with growing evidence that suggests waterbirth is a safe delivery option and therefore should be offered to women.
